scale

scale
scale [{{t}}skeɪl]
1 noun
(a) (of model, drawing) échelle f;
∎ the sketch was drawn to scale l'esquisse était à l'échelle;
∎ the map is on a scale of 1 cm to 1 km l'échelle de la carte est de 1 cm pour 1 km;
∎ the scale of the map is 1 to 50,000 la carte est au 50 millième;
∎ the drawing is out of scale or is not to scale le croquis n'est pas à l'échelle
(b) (for measurement, evaluation) échelle f; (of thermometer) échelle f (graduée), graduation f; (of salaries, taxes) échelle f, barème m; (of values) échelle f;
∎ the social scale l'échelle f sociale;
∎ at the top of the scale en haut de l'échelle;
∎ it all depends on your scale of values tout dépend de votre échelle de valeurs;
∎ to judge sth on a scale of one to ten noter qch sur dix
(c) (extent) ampleur f, étendue f; (size) importance f;
∎ the scale of the devastation l'étendue f des dégâts;
∎ the sheer scale of the problem/task l'énormité f du problème/de la tâche;
∎ to do sth on a large scale faire qch sur une grande échelle;
∎ on an industrial scale à l'échelle industrielle;
∎ economies of scale économies fpl d'échelle
(d) {{}}Music{{}} gamme f;
∎ to practise or to do one's scales faire ses gammes;
∎ the scale of D major la gamme de ré majeur
(e) (of fish, reptile) écaille f; (of epidermis) squame f;
∎ {{}}figurative{{}} the scales fell from her eyes les écailles lui sont tombées des yeux
(f) (in kettle, pipes) tartre m, (dépôt m) calcaire m; (on teeth) tartre m
(g) (of paint, plaster, rust) écaille f, écaillure f
(h) (scale pan) plateau m (de balance)
(i) {{}}American{{}} (for weighing) pèse-personne m, balance f
2 transitive verb
(a) (climb over → wall, fence) escalader
(b) (drawing) dessiner à l'échelle
(c) (test) graduer, pondérer
(d) (fish, paint) écailler; (teeth, pipes) détartrer
3 intransitive verb
(paint, rust) s'écailler; (skin) peler, se desquamer
4 scales plural noun
(for food) balance f; (for letters) pèse-lettre m; (in bathroom etc) pèse-personne m; (for babies) pèse-bébé m; (public) bascule f;
∎ pair of scales balance f à plateaux;
∎ (a pair of) kitchen scales une balance de cuisine
►► scale drawing dessin m à l'échelle;
{{}}Entomology{{}} scale insect coccidé m;
scale model (of car, plane) modèle m réduit; (of building, town centre) maquette f
➲ scale down separable transitive verb
(a) (drawing) réduire l'échelle de; {{}}Typography{{}} (font) réduire (la taille de)
(b) (figures, demands) réduire, baisser, diminuer;
∎ production is being scaled down on a entrepris de réduire la production
➲ scale off
1 intransitive verb
(paint, rust) s'écailler
2 separable transitive verb
écailler
➲ scale up separable transitive verb
(a) (drawing) augmenter l'échelle de; {{}}Typography{{}} (font) agrandir
(b) (figures, demands) réviser à la hausse, augmenter;
∎ allowances were scaled up by 10 percent les allocations ont été augmentées de 10 pour cent

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